County Lines
County Lines is a form of criminal exploitation in which children and vulnerable adults are used to transport drugs, weapons or money across different areas — often from cities into smaller towns or rural locations. The term "county lines" refers to the dedicated mobile phone lines used to coordinate the illegal activity.
Children are often groomed or manipulated into taking part, sometimes without fully realising what they are being asked to do. They may be promised money, status, or protection, but are quickly trapped in a cycle of control, fear and violence.
This form of exploitation is a key feature of Child Criminal Exploitation (CCE) and is often linked with gang activity, violence, intimidation and trafficking. Children involved in county lines are victims of abuse and must be safeguarded — even if they appear to be making choices willingly.
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A key feature of county lines drug networks is the exploitation of children, young people and vulnerable adults. These individuals are deliberately targeted by criminals to carry out illegal tasks on their behalf — such as transporting drugs, money or weapons — helping dealers avoid direct detection by law enforcement.
Offenders often exploit people with additional vulnerabilities, such as:
Mental health issues
Learning difficulties
Substance misuse problems
Poverty or housing instability
In many cases, young people are groomed with promises of money, friendship, protection, or belonging — and may not realise they are being exploited.
What is Cuckooing?
Cuckooing is when drug dealers take over the home of a vulnerable person and use it as a base for criminal activity. Victims of cuckooing are often manipulated, threatened or abused, and may be too frightened to speak out or seek help.
The Risks
People exploited through county lines are often exposed to:
Physical violence and threats
Mental and emotional abuse
Sexual exploitation
Being trafficked long distances, far from home or support
Exclusion from education or disengagement from their community
Children involved in county lines may not view themselves as victims. Just like in cases of child sexual exploitation, they may feel loyal to their abuser or believe they are making choices freely — when in reality, those choices are manipulated.
Why This Matters
It is everyone's responsibility to understand the signs of exploitation and speak out. The earlier a concern is recognised and acted upon, the greater the chance of safeguarding the young person and disrupting the criminal activity.
If you suspect a young person is being exploited through county lines, report your concerns immediately through the appropriate safeguarding channels.
Would you like to follow this with a section on common signs and indicators, a CCE/County Lines risk tool, or a parent/carer information resource?
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County Lines drug dealing can happen anywhere — in cities, towns or rural areas — and it often goes unnoticed. Criminal groups use vulnerable young people and adults to move drugs, often by exploiting them through coercion, grooming or threats. Recognising the signs can help protect those at risk.
Possible Signs of County Lines Activity:
An increase in visitors or cars to a house or flat
Unfamiliar people frequently staying at a property
New residents with different accents from the local area
Mood or behaviour changes (e.g. secretive, withdrawn, angry, emotional)
Signs of drug use or drug paraphernalia
Changes in a young person’s clothing or appearance
Unexplained gifts or expensive items (e.g. phones, clothes, jewellery, cars)
Young people going missing or away for long periods
Young people seen in taxis or cars with unknown adults
Young people appearing unfamiliar with the local area
Truancy, exclusion, or a drop in school engagement
Rise in anti-social behaviour
Unexplained injuries
What to Do if You’re Concerned
If you suspect someone may be involved in County Lines, trust your instincts. Even if it’s not drug-related, it could still be a sign of exploitation.
🚨 Report a Concern:
Contact Crimestoppers anonymously at 0800 555 111 or via www.crimestoppers-uk.org
On the rail network? Text British Transport Police on 61016 or call 999 in an emergency
👥 For Young People:
If you're worried about your own or a friend’s involvement in County Lines:
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Tackling County Lines and the criminal networks behind it is a major priority for UK law enforcement. These gangs are responsible for high levels of violence, coercion, and the exploitation of vulnerable children and adults.
Law enforcement agencies are working together to identify affected areas, disrupt operations, and safeguard those at risk. The response is national, coordinated, and increasingly focused on a multi-agency approach.
The County Lines Coordination Centre
To strengthen this response, the UK established the County Lines Coordination Centre (CLCC) — a joint initiative led by:
The National Crime Agency (NCA)
Police forces across the UK
Regional organised crime units (ROCUs)
This centre brings together intelligence and operational expertise to:
Build a national picture of county lines networks
Target the most serious offenders
Prioritise police action based on risk and harm
Work with other key partners — including education, health, welfare, and housing services
A Whole-System Approach
The CLCC supports a whole-system, multi-agency model, which is essential for tackling county lines effectively. This means not only disrupting the supply of drugs and arresting offenders, but also:
Safeguarding vulnerable children and adults
Understanding the factors driving demand for drugs
Supporting victims to exit criminal networks
Recovering criminal assets and proceeds of crime
Raising awareness across schools, communities, and frontline services
Key Message: County Lines is not just a policing issue — it’s a safeguarding, health, and community challenge. Multi-agency coordination is essential to protect those exploited and break the cycle of harm.
Tackling County Lines and the criminal networks behind it is a major priority for UK law enforcement. These gangs are responsible for high levels of violence, coercion, and the exploitation of vulnerable children and adults.
Law enforcement agencies are working together to identify affected areas, disrupt operations, and safeguard those at risk. The response is national, coordinated, and increasingly focused on a multi-agency approach.
The County Lines Coordination Centre
To strengthen this response, the UK established the County Lines Coordination Centre (CLCC) — a joint initiative led by:
The National Crime Agency (NCA)
Police forces across the UK
Regional organised crime units (ROCUs)
This centre brings together intelligence and operational expertise to:
Build a national picture of county lines networks
Target the most serious offenders
Prioritise police action based on risk and harm
Work with other key partners — including education, health, welfare, and housing services
A Whole-System Approach
The CLCC supports a whole-system, multi-agency model, which is essential for tackling county lines effectively. This means not only disrupting the supply of drugs and arresting offenders, but also:
Safeguarding vulnerable children and adults
Understanding the factors driving demand for drugs
Supporting victims to exit criminal networks
Recovering criminal assets and proceeds of crime
Raising awareness across schools, communities, and frontline services
Key Message: County Lines is not just a policing issue — it’s a safeguarding, health, and community challenge. Multi-agency coordination is essential to protect those exploited and break the cycle of harm.
Further information:
If a child or young person is at risk of harm, abuse or neglect please report it to the Wirral Central Advice and Duty Team (0151 606 2008) 9.00am-5.00pm Monday to Friday.
Outside of these hours please call 0151 677 6557. In an emergency always dial 999.
E-mail: IFD@wirral.gov.uk
In an emergency always call the police on 999.
Risk Indicators
Understanding risk indicators related to County Lines is essential for professionals supporting children and young people. This RAG (Red, Amber, Green) tool helps identify the level of concern based on behaviours, associations, and known signs of exploitation.
Low Risk
The young person is not currently involved in County Lines activity. While they may live in or associate with environments where risk factors exist, they are showing resilience and are supported by protective relationships.
Increased Risk
There are emerging concerns or warning signs that the young person may be at risk of exploitation through County Lines. They may be forming risky associations, showing changes in behaviour, or being drawn into criminal networks.
High Risk
There is strong evidence or suspicion that the young person is being actively exploited through County Lines. They may be involved in criminal activity, under control or threat from others, and at immediate risk of harm.
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Regular school or college attendance
Positive peer and family relationships
Engaged in hobbies or structured activities
No known association with individuals linked to criminal activity
Able to identify trusted adults and talk about concerns
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Changes in behaviour, attitude, or appearance
Going missing occasionally or returning late without explanation
Associating with older peers or unfamiliar individuals
In possession of unexplained items (money, new clothes, mobile phones)
Drop in school attendance or engagement
Early signs of mental health or emotional distress
Family or community concerns about exploitation
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Frequent or prolonged missing episodes
Found in unfamiliar towns or properties (possible trafficking/cuckooing)
Carrying drugs, cash or weapons
Being threatened, coerced, or physically harmed
Not engaging with professionals, appearing fearful or withdrawn
Reports or disclosures of criminal involvement or exploitation
Arrests for drug-related or gang activity